lab-scale lyophilizer lyostar® 3  (SP Industries)

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: A photograph (left) and schematic (right) of qRF microwave lyophilization experimental setup on LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 freeze-dryer. Closed-loop components are marked in green.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Lyophilization

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Formulations and cases considered with the corresponding measured primary drying times.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Formulation, Virus

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fitting parameters used in simulations

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Material properties used in process modeling.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Sublimation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: The normalized electric field distribution inside the qRF microwave chamber based on full-wave electromagnetic simulations using COMSOL for scatterer rotation angle \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta =0$$\end{document} and 152 degrees and excitation frequencies \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f=2.5$$\end{document} and 8 GHz.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimentally measured temperatures, ( a ) and ( b ), and pressures, ( c ), for Cases M1, ( a ) and ( c ), and M2, ( b ) and ( c ), of Table . Lumped-capacitance modeling results are also shown in ( a ) and ( b ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} are frozen product temperatures for different center vials; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {vw}$$\end{document} represents the temperature of the vial wall’s outer surface. Model curves terminate at the predicted end of drying. Case M1 in ( a ) was used to tune the four microwave-related parameters, and Case M2 is a validation case.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimentally measured temperatures and pressures for Cases SM1 and SM2 of Table , shown in ( a , c ) and ( b , c ) respectively. Lumped-capacitance model simulations are also shown in ( a ) and ( b ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f3}$$\end{document} are product temperature readings in different center vials; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {vw}$$\end{document} is the temperature measured on the outside wall of a vial. Model curves terminate at predicted end of primary drying. In ( a ), the model \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{p}$$\end{document} was adjusted to match product temperature readings. All microwave-related parameters are determined from Case M1 in Fig. below, so Case SM2 in ( b ) has no tuning parameters.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimentally measured temperatures, ( a ), and pressures, ( b ), for the SM3 case of Table , with lumped-capacitance modeling results also shown in ( a ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f3}$$\end{document} are frozen product temperatures for different center vials. Model curves terminate at predicted end of drying. No parameter tuning was carried out based on these experimental results, so this serves as a validation case for the model.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overlaid 13 C SSNMR spectra of lyophilized attenuated live virus vaccine formulations with regions used for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{1\rho }$$\end{document} relaxation time analysis highlighted. Conventional results are from Cycle V1, and RF/Microwave results are from Cycle V2.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Virus

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Solid-state NMR \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{1\rho }$$\end{document} relaxation times for attenuated live virus formulations.

Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

Techniques: Virus